ARTISTS AND HALLMARKS
Learn how to identify artists, read hallmarks, compare signatures, and spot clues that help date or authenticate Native American jewelry.
- Authentication Resources
- What is a Hallmark?
- Bell Trading Post
- Mary Bill, Navajo
- Bird Fetish Necklace Real?
- Bee Stamp on Old Jewelry
- Belt Buckle Inheritance
- Bennett Pat, on bolo slide
- Book Review: Native American and Southwestern Silver Hallmarks by Bille Hougart
- Books on Hallmarks & Artists
- Books, More Hallmarks & Artists
- B Tewa on bracelet = Bobby Tewa
- Dewa, Don and Velma
- C.Dishta = Charlotte Dishta
- Marcus Coochwykvia, Hopi
- Weseley Craig, Navajo
- Woody Crumbo, Potawatomi
- EM on Turquoise Buckle
- ES on claw pendant
- FJ, JR, ST, Watch Cuff Bearclaw Buckle
- FY=Frank Yazzie
- Hopi Third Mesa Necklace
- IHMSS IHMS HMIJ UITA - Hand
- Internet Hallmark Search Caution
- Jack Weekoty, Zuni
- Tom and Sylvia Kee, Navajo Storytellers
- Leaf or Feather Hallmark, Unknown
- Marilyn Chutate Quam
- MT on Buckle
- Mary Livingston, Navajo
- McBride Lomayestewa, Hopi
- Mexican Jewelry Hallmarks
- Panteah, Martin and Esther, Zuni
- Peyote Bird Squash Blossom Necklace
- RA on Squash Blossom Necklace
- Bennie Ration, Navajo
- Relios,Inc. = crescent moon and R
- RNL = Ruddell and Nancy Laconsello
- Robt. Kelly = Robert Kelley
- Roger Skeet Concho Belt
- Sandcast Squash Blossom Necklace
- Lawrence Saufkie, Hopi
- SD = William Singer, Navajo
- SH = Sharon Hutsito, Zuni
- Signed by the Artist?
- T = Tommy Singer - cuff
- T = Tommy Singer - pin pendant
- TCS = Tommy Singer - inlay pin
- TSK = Tom and Sue Kee - storyteller bracelet
- TSK = Tom and Sylvia Kee, NOT Sue
- UITA= United Indian Traders Assoc.
- V/L = Vera Luna, Zuni
BOOK LOOKS
Browse reference-book notes and reviews that support deeper research into Native American jewelry, design history, artists, and collecting.
- American Indian Design and Decoration by Le Roy H.
- Appleton
- Fred Harvey, the Man, the Era, the Jewelry
- Glittering World – Navajo Jewelry of the Yazzie Family by Lois Sherr Dubin
- Indian Silverwork of the Southwest, Illustrated Volume One Harry P. Mera
- Native American and Southwestern Silver Hallmarks by Bille Hougart
- Native American Hallmark Books
- Our Reference Library
- Southwestern Indian Ceremonials
- Southwestern Indian Rings by Paua A. Baxter
- Who’s Who in Zuni Jewelry by Gordon Levy
- Zuni Fetishes and Carvings by Kent McManis
- Zuni, The Art and the People Three Volume Set
- Zuni, The Art and the People - old price lists
BRACELETS
Find sizing, fit, style, construction, and care guidance for cuffs, ketohs, link bracelets, bead bracelets, and other bracelet forms.
- Adjust Sandcast Bracelet?
- Beaded Bracelets
- Blackgoat Horse Cuff Wanted
- Bracelet Storage Drawer
- Can I Squeeze Inlay Bracelet to fit?
- Claw Bracelet, Unique
- Copper "Horse Whisperer" Twists
- Fitting a Cuff Bracelet
- Fitting a Cuff Bracelet Part 2
- Putting on a Cuff Bracelet
- Guard Bracelets
- Inlay Cuff Bracelet Resizing
- Ketoh, Bow Guard - short
- Ketoh or Bow Guard, detailed
- Link Bracelets Explained
- Navajo Pearl Bracelets
- Repair Cast Bracelet
- Santa Brought Nelvin Burbanks
- Slave Bracelet Native American?
- Slave Bracelet - What is it?
- Split Shank, Pretty Girl, Wire
- Summer Bracelets
- Sweater Bracelets
- Three-Stone
- What do Designs on the Inside Mean?
- What does Bracelet Circumference Mean?
- Will This Bracelet Fit Me?
DESIGNS, METHODS
Explore traditional and collectible techniques such as overlay, sand cast, bezels, chip inlay, repousse, silverdust, and stamped designs.
- Antiquing
- Beaded Bracelets
- Bezels Explained
- Black and Gold on Cross?
- Blanket Inlay
- Buttons & Button Covers
- Chip Inlay - Tommy Singer
- Chip Inlay - William Singer
- Clasps on Pins
- Cobblestone & Cornrow
- Custom Holster Silverwork
- First Phase Southwestern Jewelry
- Foxtail, Chain and More . . .
- Fred Harvey Era Jewelry
- How Antiqued Satin Beads are Made
- Married Jewelry Pieces
- Mike Schmaltz makes a dragonfly
- Mountain and Mesa Designs
- Naja
- Navajo Silversmiths 1880-1881
- Navajo Silversmiths Taught by Mexicans
- Overlay
- Overlay Continued
- Overlay, Saufkie
- Petit Point or Needle Point?
- Petit Point Style
- Ranger Buckle Sets
- Repousse
- Sand Cast
- Sawdust-Set Stones
- Screw-back Earrings
- Shadowbox
- Silverdust
- Silver Ingots
- Snake Eye Design
- Stamping of Sterling Silver
- Storyteller Scenes in Jewelry
- Storytellers Tom and Sylvia Kee
- Three-Stone Bracelets
FETISHES
Learn about animal fetishes, meanings, carving materials, display, symbolism, and how Navajo and Zuni fetish traditions differ by use and style.
- Animal Powers
- Authenticity
- Fetish, Amulet, Totem, Talisman?
- Fetish Carvings
- Finding Your Animal Spirit
- Frog Fetish Meaning?
- Goats
- How Do I Display My Fetishes
- How Fetishes Are Made
- Midnight Bear Story
- Mountain Lion Tails
- Other Carving Materials
- Protection Against Evil
- Sheep
- Six Directions
- Spirit Dolls
- Tagua Nut for Carving
- Turquoise for Carving
- Types of Fetishes
- Use of Fetishes
HEISHI
This section covers heishi necklaces, jacla strands, fit, texture, pricing, and how to evaluate turquoise and other materials used in heishi work.
MATERIALS
Study stones, shells, silver, gold, coral, pipestone, turquoise varieties, and other materials commonly used in Native American jewelry and carvings.
- Abalone and Mother of Pearl
- Amber
- Antlers, What's the Source?
- Baby Rattles Safe for Infants?
- Bear Claw Preservation
- Boulder Turquoise
- Buckle Backs Material
- Catlinite and Pipestone
- Cleaning and Storing Jewelry
- Cabochon
- Coin Silver
- Copper
- Copper Used in Jewelry
- Coral
- Coral History
- Dinosaur Bone
- Gemstone images
- Howlite, White Buffalo or What?
- Fake Sterling Silver on eBay
- Feathers: Eagle, Hawk Legal?
- Fossilized Coral
- Foxtail, Chain and More . . .
- Gold
- Green Turquoise
- Jet
- Jeweler's Gold
- Jewelry Silver: Not All Silver is Created Equal
- Juniper Berry Ghost Beads
- Lapis Lazuli
- Larimar
- Matrix
- Mohave Stone
- Navajo Dolls in Traditional Dress
- Opal
- Penn Shell
- Petrified Wood
- Pipestone - Catlinite
- Pipestone - Quarry
- Red Brass
- Rhodochrosite
- Sodalite, Looks like Lapis
- Serpentine
- Serpentine used for Fetish Carving
- Silver
- Silver Dollar Jewelry
- Silver Ingots
- Silver Scrap Value
- Silver Plating Wears Off
- Silver Price 2016
- Silver Price
- Sleeping Beauty Turquoise
- Spiny Oyster
- Sterling Silver Care and Cleaning
- Sterling Silver and Chlorine
- Sterling Silver Plate vs Plated
- Sterling Silver Stamp History
- Sterling Opal
- Stones and Shells
- Tagua Nut
- Tortoise Shell
- Turquoise, Birdseye
- Turquoise, Bisbee
- Turquoise #8 Pendant, Leonard Jim
- Turquoise - Blue or Green?
- Turquoise Color Change
- Turquoise: Copper make blue or green?
- Turquoise in Heishi - is it Real?
- Turquoise - King's Manassa
- Turquoise Mines
- Turquoise Mohave
- Turquoise - Seafoam
- Turquoise, Spiderweb
- White Buffalo
- White Turquoise
MEDICINE BAGS
Read background information on medicine bags, related gemstones, and traditional context for collecting and understanding these pieces.
- About Medicine Bags
- Gemstones
- Medicine Bag of Deceased
- Vol. 1: April 13, 2010 Heishi, Tagua Nut, Sterling Silver Care
- Vol. 2: April 16, 2010 Mother's Day Gifts, Grandmother Pin, Grandmother Necklace, Mother-of-Pearl
- Vol. 3: April 27, 2010 Medicine Bag Gemstones, Horse Scarves, Pin Pendants
- Vol. 4: May 1, 2010 Do We Buy Dooneys?
- Vol. 5: May 16, 2010 Cuff Bracelet Fit and Sizing
- Vol. 6: May 25, 2010 New Blog: Native American Jewelry Tips
MISC. TOPICS
This mixed-reference section answers common questions about authenticity, value, concho belts, storage, shopping, collecting, pricing, and jewelry use.
- 1960 - 1970s Jewelry Boom
- Appraisal and Investment
- Appraisals - continued
- Authentication Resources
- Authenticity
- Bargain Barn is like a Garage Sale
- Barrettes - Which Weight for You?
- Beads, Why are Heavier Cheaper?
- Bear Claw Necklace Supplies
- Bolo Slide clasp, Bennett Pat
- Belt Buckle Wanted
- Bow Guard - Ketoh
- Buttons & Button Covers
- Cabochon
- Catalog of Your Products?
- Chlorine and Sterling Silver
- Code of the West
- Concho Belts, Overview
- Concho Belts Part I
- Concho Belts Part II: The Art and Science of Wearing a Concho Belt
- Custom Holster Silverwork
- Dating Indian Jewelry: Lauris Phillips Notes on Dating Native American Jewelry
- E-Bay Effect on Collectibles
- Fake Native American Art Conspiracy
- Fetish Display, Care, Feeding
- Filipino-made import
- Fitting a Belt to a Buckle
- Fred Harvey Era Jewelry
- Grandmother Pin
- Hair Accessories
- Hatbands, Native American and Others
- Hot Weather Options
- How to Determine Market Value
- How Do I Open This Keyring?
- Inlay Repair
- Inlay Jewelry - Wear in Shower?
- International Shipping Stories
- Jewelry Scrap Value
- Jewelry Storage and Display
- Jewelry Storage, cont.
- Jewelry Storage, cont. 2
- Jewelry for Children and Babies
- Lakota Catlinite Effigy Pipes
- Lakota Code Talker Dies
- Navajo Code Talkers - Thanks!
- Navajo Code Talker Dies
- Navajo Silversmiths Taught by Mexicans
- Necklace Extenders
- NOS = New Old Stock
- Ornaments
- Our Reference Library
- Pill Boxes
- Pins on a Purse
- Price lists from Zuni, The Art and the People
- Pricing: Retail, Wholesale, Keystone
- Ranger Buckle Sets
- Removing Name from Back of Jewelry
- Repurposing Clip Earrings
- Restocking Fee - Why?
- Returns
- Safety Pin Key Rings
- Selling Your Jewelry - Tips
- Shipping to France
- Shopping Advice
- Silver Price
- Silver Prices Affect Bracelets
- Southwest Art Defined
- Stop Counterfeiters on ebay
- Vintage- What is It?
- Ways to Wear a Pin
- What does Pueblo Mean?
- What's It Worth?
- Woodard's Indian Shop
- Zuni, The Art and the People - book review
PENDANTS-NECKLACES
Explore Navajo pearls, crosses, fetish necklaces, squash blossom necklaces, extenders, chains, pendant fittings, and choosing the right necklace style.
- All About Sterling Silver Beads – Navajo Pearls
- Are Necklaces Ever Signed?
- Bale or Bail?
- Beads, Why are Heavier Cheaper?
- Bear Paw or Bear Claw?
- Bolo Tie - What is it?
- Charm Necklace by Paula
- Chiclet Necklaces
- Choosing a Necklace
- Choosing Navajo Pearls
- Collars, choosing
- Crosses - Zuni and Navajo
- Cross or Crucifix?
- Eddy Chaco - King's Manassa
- Extenders
- Faux Desert Pearls?
- Fetish Necklaces
- Foxtail, Chain and More . . .
- Ghost Beads
- Grandmother Necklace
- Hand Stamped Cross Wanted
- Hook and Eye clasp
- How Antiqued Satin Beads are Made
- Iule Zuni Cross Legacy
- Layering Necklaces
- Monument Valley by Goodluck
- Mosaic Shell Pendant
- Necklace Chain Primer
- Fetish Necklace Signed by the Artist?
- Fetish Necklaces Navajo and Zuni
- Navajo Pearls
- Navajo Pearls with Turquoise Inlay
- Necklace Extenders
- Pendant Enhancer
- Pendants from Clip Earrings
- Pin to Pendant Conversion
- Squash Blossom Necklace Pricing
- Squash Blossom Origin
- Squash Blossom Restringing
- Squaw Wrap
- Stacked Fetish Necklaces
- Tab Necklace
- Turquoise in Heishi - is it Real?
- Vintage Restoration
- Wearing a Pendant
PINS
See articles on pin collecting, styling, converting brooches to pendants, and wearing Native American pins in modern ways.
PIPES / SMUDGING
Read about catlinite and sacred pipes, pipe drops, bowl blessings, smudging, and related ceremonial objects and practices.
REPAIR / CLEANING
Find guidance on polishing, cleaning, restringing, repair, stone damage, inlay issues, and caring for sterling silver and turquoise jewelry.
- Black on Sterling Silver
- Broken Turquoise Bracelet Repair
- Buckle, inlay missing
- Chlorine and Sterling Silver
- Cleaning Vintage Jewelry
- Cuff Watch, missing fan
- Inlay Bracelet Repair
- Inlay Cuff Bracelet Resizing
- Inlay Jewelry - Wear in Shower?
- Inlay Repair: The Eagle has Landed
- Repair Series Coming
- Should Navajo Pearls be Polished?
- Shortening and Cleaning Squash Blossom Necklace
- Squash Blossom Restringing
- To Polish or Not to Polish . . .
RINGS
Learn ring sizing, fit, style names, movie-inspired looks, inlay repair, and how to choose Native American rings that wear comfortably.
RUGS
A smaller section focused on Navajo rugs and textile-related collecting interest.
SYMBOLS
Explore the meaning and history of design symbols such as thunderbird, naja, Yei, Kokopelli, dragonfly, medicine wheel, whirling log, and more.
- Attached Spirit
- Awanyu, Plumed Serpent
- Butterfly
- Corn
- Corn Maiden
- Devil Dancer Set
- Dragonfly
- Dreamcatcher
- Feather
- Fetish, Amulet, Totem, Talisman
- Hand
- Hopi Overlay - Thanksgiving
- Horse
- Isletta Cross
- Knifewing
- Knifewing II
- Kokopelli
- Lakota Horse Stick
- Longhorn Kachina
- Man in the Maze
- Medicine Wheel
- Naja
- Hanging Ornaments
- Designs on Inside of Bracelet
- Peyote / Water Bird Colors
- Sacred Bowl Blessing
- Sacred Pipe
- Shaman Drum
- Snake
- Spiral
- Squash Blossom
- Stamped Ovals
- Storyteller Scenes in Jewelry
- Storyteller Belt by Bicenti
- Thunderbird, Peyote Bird, Water Bird
- Thunderbird Continued
- Turtle and Tortoise
- Whirling Logs (Swastika)
- Yei
- Yei
- Translated to Dutch
- Zia Pueblo Sun Symbol
TRIBES AND LORE
Read cultural and historical background on Navajo, Zuni, Hopi, Lakota, Pueblo, code talkers, prayer objects, dolls, and related lore.
- Beloved Lakota Woman Story
- Code of the West
- Devil Dancer Set
- Feathers for Valor
- Fetish, Amulet, Totem, Talisman
- Four Winds
- Hopi
- Knifewing II
- Kokopelli
- Lakota Code Talker Dies
- Lakota Sioux
- Lakota Horse Stick
- Lakota Ledger Art
- Mitakuye Oyasin - All are Related
- Native American Indians
- Native American Dolls
- Navajo
- Navajo Code Talkers
- Navajo Sand Painting
- Prayer Feathers
- Prayer Fans
- Pueblo
- Raven / Crow Medicine
- Rattles, Ceremonial and Dance
- Sacred Smoke Bowl Blessing
- Sacred Talking Prayer Feather
- Smudging
- Spirit Dolls
- Wisdom
- Zuni, The Art and the People - book review
- Zuni
VINTAGE, USED JEWELRY
Research collecting, dating, pricing, consignment, pawn history, first-phase style, market value, and other vintage jewelry topics.
- 1960 - 1970s Jewelry Boom
- Authenticating - Do Due Diligence
- Bell Trading Post
- Buckle Vintage by Ervin Hoskie
- Concho Belts Part I
- Concho Belts Part II: The Art and Science of Wearing a Concho Belt
- Consignment Sales
- Dating Indian Jewelry: Lauris Phillips Notes on Dating Native American Jewelry
- Devil Dancer Set
- Do We Buy Jewelry?
- Do We Buy Jewelry? - UPDATE
- First Phase vs First Phase Style
- Great American Jewelry Sell-Off
- How to Determine Market Value
- Knifewing Inlay Box
- Married Jewelry Pieces
- Necklaces Authentic Native American?
- NOS = New Old Stock
- Old Thunderbird Pin Wanted
- Paula's Pawn
- Pawn
- Pricing: Retail, Wholesale, Keystone
- Repurposing Clip Earrings
- Sending Unsolicited Jewelry
- Tips for Selling Your Jewelry
- Turquoise Buckle - One Pound+ !!
- Wabi-Sabi
- What is My Jewelry Worth?
- What is Jewelry Scrap Value?
- What's It Worth?
- Woodard's Indian Shop
- Value Your Jewelry Using Ebay
WATCHES
Find help with Native American watch cuffs, batteries, styling, watch quality, and specific watch-related questions.





